An update on the biology and physiology of resistin

Abstract.  Resistin is a newly discovered adipocyte hormone. It is related to resistin-like molecules , and in structure and function. Resistin is produced by white and brown adipose tissues but has also has been identified in several other ti

An update on autonomic neuropathy affecting the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract  Gastrointestinal symptoms and disordered gut motility occur frequently in the diabetic population and are generally regarded as manifestations of gastrointestinal "autonomic dysfunction," although the relationships between both

An underlying principle for the study of circulating progenitor cells in diabetes and its complications

An Odyssey of Islet Transplantation for Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract  Canadian surgical contributions to the field of islet transplantation have a rich heritage and a promising future. In this article, some seminal Canadian contributions to this field are reviewed, including contributions at the

An investigation of genome-wide associations of hypertension with microsatellite markers in the family blood pressure program (FBPP)

Abstract  The Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP) has data on 387 microsatellite markers in 13,524 subjects from four major ethnic groups. We investigated genetic association with hypertension of the linkage markers. Family-based method

Active integration: new strategies for transgenesis

Abstract  This paper presents novel methods for producing transgenic animals, with a further emphasis on how these techniques may someday be applied in gene therapy. There are several passive methods for transgenesis, such as pronuclear

Active immunization against nicotine alters the distribution of nicotine but not the metabolism to cotinine in the rat

Abstract  We have previously shown that active immunization with the nicotine immunoconjugate IP18-KLH attenuates the reinforcing effects of nicotine, i.e., suppresses the nicotine-induced brain dopamine release and prevents reinstatement of the

Active immunisation against nicotine blocks the reward facilitating effects of nicotine and partially prevents nicotine withdrawal in the rat as measured by dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens, brain reward thresholds and somatic signs

Abstract  We recently showed that active immunisation with the nicotine immunoconjugate IP18–KLH reduces the nicotine-induced increase in dopamine (DA) output in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) and prevents reinstatement of nicotine-se

Active health promotion in old age: methodology of a preventive intervention programme provided by an interdisciplinary health advisory team for independent older people

Abstract  People live longer today and, therefore, have more opportunity to a quire non-fatal disabilities in old age. Disability in old age has multifactorial causes, including physiological, psychological and social risk factors. An innovative

Active Fire Detection for Fire Emergency Management: Potential and Limitations for the Operational Use of Remote Sensing

Abstract  The use of the mid-infrared and thermal bands of sensors on board airborne platforms and satellites permits the detection of active fires on the Earths surface. This application has been available to the fire-fighting community for man

Active contour model based on force field analysis

Abstract  The traditional snake initial contour should be close to the true boundary of an object of interest in an image; otherwise, an incorrect result will be obtained. Next, active contours have difficulties progressing into boundary

Active anthocyanin degradation in Brunfelsia calycina (yesterday–today–tomorrow) flowers

Abstract  Anthocyanins are the largest group of plant pigments responsible for colors ranging from red to violet and blue. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins, as part of the larger phenylpropanoid pathway, has been characterized in great detail. I

Activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in high pressure-induced apoptosis of murine erythroleukemia cells

Abstract  We previously demonstrated that caspase-3, an executioner of apoptosis, is activated in the pressure-induced apoptosis of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells (at 100 MPa). Here, we examined the pathway of caspase-3 activation us

Activation of the human FP prostanoid receptor disrupts mitosis progression and generates aneuploidy and polyploidy

Abstract.  Studies have shown prostaglandin F2α to be an endogenous tumor promoter in mouse models of skin carcinogenesis; however, the mechanisms by which PGF2α affects cell cycle events remain unknown. Here

Activation of protein kinase C alpha is required for TPA-triggered ERK (MAPK) signaling and growth inhibition of human hepatoma cell HepG2

Abstract  The signaling mechanisms for most of the antiproliferative processes are not fully understood. We have demonstrated that ERK(MAPK) signaling was involved in the induction of both p15INK4band p16INK4a CDK inhibitors and growth inhibitio

Activation of phospholipase C-?1 in human keratinocytes by hyperosmolar shock without enzyme phosphorylation

Abstract  Human keratinocytes are exposed to strong physical changes, and have the potentiality to react to external stimuli by switching on adaptation mechanisms. In hyperosmotically shocked keratinocytes a rapid and strong increase in calcium

Activation of NF-κB p65/c-Rel dimer is associated with neuroprotection elicited by mGlu5 receptor agonists against MPP+ toxicity in SK-N-SH cells

Abstract  Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcriptional regulator of neuron survival eliciting diverse effects according to the specific composition of its active dimer. While p50/p65 mediates neurodegenerative events, c-Rel-c

Activation of neostriatum muscarinic receptors prevents changes in the myosin phenotype of musculus soleus fibers under gravitational unloading

Activation of k1-opioid receptor as a method for prevention of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias: Role of protein kinase C and KATP channels

Abstract  Intravenous pretreatment with κ-opioid receptor antagonist (−)-U-50,488 (1 mg/kg) improved heart resistance to the arrhythmogenic effect of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Selective κ1-opioid receptor antago

Activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 induces Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation in rat hippocampus slices in culture

Summary.  Formation of neurofibrillary tangle from hyperphosphorylated tau is one of the hallmark lesions seen in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, and neuronal deregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity plays key ro

Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway during islet transplantation and prevention of islet graft loss by intraportal injection of JNK inhibitor

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Although application of the Edmonton protocol has markedly improved the outcome for pancreatic islet transplantation, the insulin independence rate after islet transplantation from one donor pan

Activation of cell migration with fibroblast growth factor-2 requires calcium-sensitive potassium channels

Abstract  Tumor cell migration is crucial for the formation of tumor metastases and the progression of tumor disease. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is one of the cytokines involved in the autocrine stimulation of tumor development.

Activation of cardiac human ether-a-go-go related gene potassium currents is regulated by α1A-adrenoceptors

Abstract  Patients with cardiac disease typically develop life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias during physical or emotional stress, suggesting a link between adrenergic stimulation and regulation of the cardiac action potential. Human ether-

Activation energies of selenoxide elimination from Se-substituted selenocysteine

Abstract  Transition states for selenoxide elimination have been determined for a series of Se-substituted selenocysteine (RSeCys) derivatives that have potential use in the prevention and treatment of cancer, either directly or in conjunction w

Activation and Degradation of Protein C by Primary Rabbit Pleural Mesothelial Cells

Abstract  The protein C (PC) anticoagulant pathway is the major mechanism that controls thrombin generation in vivo and may thereby influence pathophysiologic fibrin turnover associated with intrapleural inflammation. We hypothesized that

Activating and inhibitory FcγRs in autoimmune disorders

Abstract  Autoimmune disorders are characterized by the destruction of self-tissues by the immune system. Multiple checkpoints are in place to prevent autoreactivity under normal circumstances. Coexpression of activating and inhibitory Fc recept

Actions of neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways in neuronal survival and axonal regeneration

Abstract  Adult axons in the mammalian central nervous system do not elicit spontaneous regeneration after injury, although many affected neurons have survived the neurotrauma. However, axonal regeneration does occur under certain condit

Action Plan for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in the European Community

Action of antimicrobial substances produced by different oil reservoir Bacillus strains against biofilm formation

Abstract  Microbial colonization of petroleum industry systems takes place through the formation of biofilms, and can result in biodeterioration of the metal surfaces. In a previous study, two oil reservoir Bacillus strains (Bacillus lic

Actinide complexation in the purex process

Abstract  In the PUREX process Pu(IV) and U(VI) nitrate complexes are extracted into 30% TBP/OK (30% tributylphosphate in odourless kerosene) as UO2(NO3)2.2TBP and Pu(NO3)4.2TBP. The actinides can then be selectively stripped back into d

Acquired immune response to oncogenic human papillomavirus associated with prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines

Abstract  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common infection among women and a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Oncogenic HPV types infecting the anogenital tract have the potential to induce natural immunity, but at present we do not c

Acquired hypophosphatemia osteomalacia associated with Fanconi’s syndrome in Sj?gren’s syndrome

Abstract  Sj?gren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder involving exocrine glands that occurs alone or in association with various autoimmune and connective tissue diseases. The severity of Sj?gren’s syndrome ranges from isola

Acoustic neuromas

Opinion statement  Patients with acoustic neuromas have several treatment options that include observation, surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and fractionated radiotherapy. Resection is indicated for patients with larger tum

Acoustic Emission Study of Fatigue Cracks in Materials Used for AVLB

Abstract  The Armored Vehicle Launch Bridge (AVLB) is subjected to cyclic loading during launching as well as during tank crossings. The cyclic loading causes cracks to initiate in critical bridge components, and then to propagate. Unless these

Acidosis Inhibits Bone Formation by Osteoblasts In Vitro by Preventing Mineralization

Abstract  The negative effect of acidosis on the skeleton has been known for almost a century. Bone mineral serves an important pathophysiologic role as a reserve of hydroxyl ions to buffer systemic protons if the kidneys and lungs are u

Acidity, lipophilicity, solubility, absorption, and polar surface area of some ACE inhibitors

Abstract  Computational chemical methods have been used to correlate the molecular properties of the 10 ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, perindopril, lisinopril, ramipril, trandolapril, quinapril, fosinopril, benazepril, and cilazap

Acidification of Soil in a Dry Land Winter Wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow Rotation in the Semiarid U.S. Great Plains

Abstract  Soil pH is decreasing in many soils in the semiarid Great Plains of the United States under dry land no-till (NT) cropping systems. This study was conducted to determine the rate of acidification and the causes of the acidifica

Acide rétino?que et récepteurs aux rétino?des: r?le potentiel préventif et thérapeutique dans le cancer du col de l’utérus

Acetylsalicylic acid alleviates chilling injury of postharvest loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit

Abstract  Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. Luoyangqing) is a chilling-sensitive fruit and therefore has a limited postharvest life. While fruit stored at 5 °C retained its acceptable quality after 39 days, fruit stored at 0 °C

Acetylcholine inhibits long-term hypoxia-induced apoptosis by suppressing the oxidative stress-mediated MAPKs activation as well as regulation of Bcl-2, c-IAPs, and caspase-3 in mouse embryonic stem cells

Abstract  This study examined the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the hypoxia-induced apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Hypoxia (60 h) decreased both the cell viability and level of [3H] thymidine incorporation, which w

Acetazolamide for Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A New Use for an Old Drug

Abstract  Reactive oxygen species play a major role in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CN). Hydration with sodium bicarbonate (HCO3−) can reduce the incidence of CN in high-risk patients, suggesting a direct causa

Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: An update

Abstract  Acetaminophen is a widely used nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic agent. It is also a dose-related hepatotoxin that can cause fulminant liver failure when taken in massive overdoses or, much less commonly, at therapeutic

Acetaldehyde mediates growth stimulation of ethanol-stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae : evidence of a redox-driven mechanism

Abstract  The ability of acetaldehyde (90 mg l−1) to stimulate ethanol-stressed S. cerevisiae fermentations is examined and reasons for the effect explored. Alternative metabolic electron acceptors generated similar stimu

Acetabulumform und zementfreie Hüftpfannen

Zusammenfassung  Die Berücksichtigung der anatomischen Strukturen ist für die Primärstabilität und Osseointegration von zementfreien Hüftgelenkpfannen wesentliche Voraussetzung. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Bestimmun

ACE-inhibitors but not endothelin receptor blockers prevent podocyte loss in early diabetic nephropathy

AbstractAims/hypothesis  It was the aim of our study to investigate the influence of a selective ET-A receptor antagonist LU 135252 alone and in combination with the ACE-inhibitor, trandolapril on podocyte number and morphology in streptozotocin

ACE–inhibitor treatment attenuates atrialstructural remodeling in patients with lonechronic atrial fibrillation

Abstract Objective  Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by a remodeling process which involves the development of fibrosis. Since angiotensin II has been suspected to be involved in this proce

ACE-inhibition is superior to endothelin A receptor blockade in preventing abnormal capillary supply and fibrosis of the heart in experimental diabetes

AbstractAims/hypothesis  There is little information whether cardiac capillary supply is deranged in diabetes. Hyperglycaemia is a potent stimulus for endothelin-1 (ET-1) production. We therefore hypothesised that increased ET-1 production in St

ACE-Inhibition for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events—Should We Change Our Recommendation After PEACE?

ACE Inhibition in secondary prevention: are the results controversial?

Summary  Results from the HOPE and EUROPA trials showed that ACE inhibitors lower cardiovascular mortality of patients with atherosclerosis and preserved left ventricular function. However, despite apparently adequate study design, the r

ACE Inhibition and Endothelial Function: Main Findings of PERFECT, a Sub-Study of the EUROPA Trial

Abstract Background  ACE inhibition results in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) through different mechanisms including improvement of endothelial dysfunction. The Perindopril-Function of the Endothel

Alterations in mRNA Expression of Myelin Proteins in the Sciatic Nerves and Brains of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract  Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes. We examined the levels and the mRNA expression of myelin proteins in the sciatic nerves and the brains of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats

Alterations in liver sinusoidal endothelium in a baboon model of type 1 diabetes

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Diabetes mellitus is associated with extensive vascular pathology, yet little is known about its long-term effects on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Potential diabetic changes in LS

Alteration in haemodynamics and pathological changes in the cardiovascular system during the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in OLETF rats

AbstractAims/hypothesis  The process of cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear. We investigated pathophysiological changes of the heart and vessels in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat Type 2 DM

Alpha cell function in health and disease: influence of glucagon-like peptide-1

Abstract  Although there is abundant evidence that hyperglucagonaemia plays a key role in the development of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, efforts to understand and correct this abnormality have been overshadowed by the emphasis on insulin

Alopecia totalis, Hypotonie und erektile Dysfunktion bei einem 34-j?hrigen Mann

Zusammenfassung  Das Auftreten mehrerer Autoimmunendokrinopathien in Verbindung mit nichtendokrinen Autoimmunerkrankungen wird als polyglanduläres Autoimmunsyndrom (PAS) bezeichnet. Bei einem 34-jährigen Mann mit Schwäche, Gewicht

ACE genotype, risk and causal relationship to stroke: Implications for treatment

Opinion statement  The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) catalyzes the formation of angiotensin II and the breakdown of bradykinin into inactive products. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism affects the activity of the enzyme, wi

Accurate production of time-varying patterns of the moment of force in multi-finger tasks

Abstract  We investigated the production of time profiles of the total moment of force produced in isometric conditions by the four fingers of a hand. We hypothesized that these tasks would be associated with multi-finger synergies stabilizing t

Accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of intussusception in infants in Vietnam

Abstract Background  Intussusception (IS) is the most common cause of acute bowel obstruction in infants and young children. Ultrasonography is being increasingly used as the primary investigation for the diagnosis of IS

Accuracy of a Disability Instrument to Identify Workers Likely to Develop Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders

Abstract Background  Work related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) result in substantial disability, and expense. Identifying workers or jobs with high risk can trigger intervention before workers are inju

Accumulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Bak is controlled by antagonist factor Mcl-1 availability

Abstract  Apoptosis has become recognized as a crucial mechanism involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Following an initial pro-apoptotic signal, controlling phases allow the cell to reinforce or downgrade

Accumulation of Polyphosphates and Expression of High Molecular Weight Exopolyphosphatase in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract  The effect of cultivation time and concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the culture medium on the accumulation of polyphosphates (polyP) and the activity of two cytosolic exopolyphosphatases of the yeast Saccharomyces c

Accumulation of metallothionein transcripts in response to iron, copper and zinc: Metallothionein and metal-chelate reductase

Abstract  It has been proposed that plant metallothionein (MT) sequesters excess copper, and possibly zinc, thereby preventing adverse metal-protein interactions. These metals can accumulate either gratuitously in response to other nutri

Acculturation and cancer screening among latinas: Results From the National Health Interview Survey

Abstract   Background: Although early detection of breast and cervical cancer is one of the most effective means of assuring timely treatment and survival, the cultural hypothesis proposes that traditional norms, values, and beli

Acculturation and Aggression in Latino Adolescents: A Structural Model Focusing on Cultural Risk Factors and Assets

Abstract  The specific aim of this investigation was to map cultural factors associated with aggressive behavior in Latino adolescents. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 481 foreign- and U.S.-born Latino adolescents living in North Caro

Accounting for the business cycle: Nominal rigidities, factor heterogeneity, and Austrian capital theory

Abstract  An Austrian interpretation of the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is proposed. Austrian and New Keynesian business cycle theories share the feature that the cycle is generated by rigidities which preve

Accommodating intraocular lenses: a critical review of present and future concepts

Abstract Background  Significant efforts have been made to develop lens implants or refilling procedures that restore accommodation. Even with monofocal implants, apparent or pseudoaccommodation may provide the patient w

Acclimation to Soil Flooding–sensing and signal-transduction

Abstract  Flooding results in major changes in the soil environment. The slow diffusion rate of gases in water limits the oxygen supply, which affects aerobic root respiration as well as many (bio)geochemical processes in the soil. Plant

Accidental extubations during respiratory management in a Children’s Hospital

Abstract  An investigation was conducted on the frequency of accidental extubations at Shizuoka Childrens Hospital during the past 12 years. The study was performed on 150 randomly selected patients who received respiratory support for more than

Accessibility of Web Sites Containing Colorectal Cancer Information to Adults with Limited Literacy (United States)

Abstract Objective  The Internet could be a key channel for disseminating information about colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Little research, however, has systematically examined factors other than writing style relate

Access to Preventive Services for Adults of Mexican Origin

Abstract  Immigrants arrive in the U.S. with better than average health, which declines over time. Clinical preventive services can prevent or delay some of that decline, but little research in this area focuses specifically on Mexican i

Access to Housing as a Structural Intervention for Homeless and Unstably Housed People Living with HIV: Rationale, Methods, and Implementation of the Housing and Health Study

Abstract  Homelessness and unstable housing have been associated with HIV risk behavior and poorer health among persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), yet prior research has not tested causal associations. This paper describes the challen

Acceptance of Routine Testing for HIV among Adult Patients at the Medical Emergency Unit at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract  HIV testing is an entry point to comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention and care. In Uganda, Routine Testing and Counseling for HIV (RTC) is not widely offered as part of standard medical care in acute care settings. This study dete

Acceptance of Preventive Surgeries by Israeli Women Who had Undergone BRCA Testing

Abstract  Using a specially constructed questionnaire, the effect of BRCA test results for the Jewish founder mutations and genetic counseling on womenȁ9s attitudes towards and acceptance of preventive surgeries was evaluated. The s

Acceptability of Male Circumcision for Prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Abstract  Based on epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence, male circumcision (MC) could have a significant impact on the HIV epidemic in selected areas. We reviewed studies of the acceptability of MC in sub-Saharan Africa to

Acceptability of Male Circumcision for Prevention of HIV Infection in Malawi

Abstract  Numerous epidemiological and biological studies report male circumcision (MC) to have a significant protective effect against HIV-1 acquisition. This study assesses the acceptability of MC in four districts in Malawi, a country with hi

Acceptability and Student Outcomes of a Violence Prevention Curriculum

  Violence in schools and its prevention have become focal points for research, practice, and policy. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Second Step violence prevention curriculum on all fourth and fifth grade students (N =

Acceleration of Normal-Tissue Damage Expression by Early Stimulation of Cell Proliferation in Rat Spinal Cord

Purpose:  To examine experimental strategies for prevention of radiation-induced late spinal cord damage.

Accelerated decolorization of structurally different azo dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains

Abstract  Wastewater effluents from the textile and other dye-stuff industries contain significant amounts of synthetic dyes that require treatment to prevent groundwater contamination. In research aimed at biotechnology for treatment of

Acarbose for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: facts and interpretations concerning the critical analysis of the STOP-NIDDM Trial data

Abstract  The STOP-NIDDM Trial has shown that acarbose treatment in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance is associated with a significant risk reduction in the development of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Kaiser an

Acarbose for prevention of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular events? A critical analysis of the STOP-NIDDM data

AbstractIntroduction  Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is a major and still unresolved threat to patients with reduced glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In epidemiological studies, in non-diabetic subjects, post-prandial glyc

Acamprosate attenuates cocaine- and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats

Abstract Rationale  Acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurinate) is a glutamatergic neuromodulator used for the treatment of alcoholism, but its potential efficacy in the treatment of psychostimulant addiction has not been

Academic Pathways between Attention Problems and Depressive Symptoms Among Urban African American Children

Abstract  The present study investigated the pathways between attention problems and depressive symptoms, particularly the role of academic incompetence, among a community sample of urban African American children. Results supported the

Abused Women Disclose Partner Interference with Health Care: An Unrecognized Form of Battering

Abstract BACKGROUND  Some providers observe that partners interfere with health care visits or treatment. There are no systematic investigations of the prevalence of or circumstances surrounding partner interference with

Abundance of Diurnal Primates in Mwanihana Forest, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania

Many individual researchers have used line transect counts to estimate forest primate abundance. They have devoted less attention to the interpretation of line transect data obtained by several observers, as is often the case in long-term monitoring progr

Abundance and Spread of the Invasive Red Algae, Kappaphycus spp., in Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i and an Experimental Assessment of Management Options

Abstract  Several species of Kappaphycus were intentionally introduced into Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i in the 1970s. Subsequent research has demonstrated that these algae have spread rapidly throughout the bay and can be found in

Abstract of the 20th International Anniversary MASCC/ISOO Symposium: A Phase III randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial to determine the efficacy of low level laser therapy for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hem

Absorbable implants for open shoulder stabilization

Abstract  Eighteen consecutive patients who had recurrent, unidirectional, post-traumatic shoulder instability were included. All these patients underwent surgery using an open Bankart technique involving absorbable suture anchors. The median ag

Absolute fracture risk

Abstract  Clinical evaluation of patients with low bone mass attempts to determine which patients should be offered one of the effective therapies for fracture prevention. Current guidelines are primarily based on bone density. Risk fact

Absolute contraindications in relation to potential drug interactions in outpatient prescriptions: analysis of the first five million prescriptions in 1999

AbstractObjectives  Adverse drug interactions increase morbidity and mortality. To prevent these, situations leading to adverse prescriptions must be clarified. This study quantifies and analyses prescriptions with potential adverse drug interac

Absolute contraindications in relation to potential drug interactions in outpatient prescriptions: analysis of the first five million prescriptions in 1999

AbstractObjectives  Adverse drug interactions increase morbidity and mortality. To prevent these, situations leading to adverse prescriptions must be clarified. This study quantifies and analyses prescriptions with potential adverse drug interac

Absence of the psbH gene product destabilizes the Photosystem II complex and prevents association of the Photosystem II-X protein in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1

Abstract  PS II-H is a small hydrophobic protein that is universally present in the PS II core complex of cyanobacteria and plants. The role of PS II-H was studied by directed mutagenesis and biochemical analysis in the thermophilic cyan

Aboveground productivity and root–shoot allocation differ between native and introduced grass species

Abstract  Plant species in grasslands are often separated into groups (C4 and C3 grasses, and forbs) with presumed links to ecosystem functioning. Each of these in turn can be separated into native and introduced (i.e., exotic) species. Although

Abnormally persistent latent inhibition induced by MK801 is reversed by risperidone and by positive modulators of NMDA receptor function: differential efficacy depending on the stage of the task at which they are administered

Abstract Rationale  Latent inhibition (LI) is the poorer conditioning to a stimulus resulting from its nonreinforced preexposure. LI indexes the ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli and is used extensively to model atten

Abnormal PFA-100 closure time is associated with increased platelet aggregation in patients presenting with chest pain

Abstract Background  Antiplatelet therapy has been proven to be effective for both primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. However, a significant proportion of patient

Ablation of the gene encoding p66Shc protects mice against AGE-induced glomerulopathy by preventing oxidant-dependent tissue injury and further AGE accumulation

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  AGEs have been implicated in renal disease associated with ageing, diabetes and other age-related disorders. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote formation of AGEs, which cause AGE-receptor-med

Ability of breast cancer cell lines to stimulate bone resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts correlates with an anti-apoptotic effect mediated by macrophage colony stimulating factor

Abstract  We compared the effect of conditioned medium (CM) from several human breast carcinoma cell lines on osteoclast bone resorbing activity and osteoclast apoptosis. Our findings indicate that ability of cancer cell line to increase

Abheilung eines zirkul?ren arteriellen Ulkus des Unterschenkels

Zusammenfassung  Die Deckung großer Haut- und Weichteildefekte der unteren Extremität im Rahmen einer peripheren arteriellen Verschlusserkrankung stellt noch immer eine Herausforderung dar. Freiliegende Sehnen nach einem Débrid

Aberrations of chick eyes during normal growth and lens induction of myopia

Abstract  Understanding the control of eye growth may lead to the prevention of nearsightedness (myopia). Chicks develop refractive errors in response to defocusing lenses by changing the rate of eye elongation. Changes in optical image quality

Aberrant hypermethylation of the promoter region of the CHFR gene is rare in primary breast cancer

Summary  Taxanes are among the most active agents and they are now known to be an indispensable component in chemotherapy for breast cancer. However, some patients are resistant to taxanes and the identification of the molecular characte

Aberrant halt of syringe pump motion: an improved system to prevent false setting of the syringe

Abstract  A syringe pump is used to inject precise doses of drugs having a strong action; for example, vasoactive drugs. Unexpected and undetected halt of a syringe pump can lead to potentially life-threatening complications. We experien

Age, body mass index and Type 2 diabetes—associations modified by ethnicity

AbstractAims/hypothesis  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ethnicity on the association between age and body mass index as well as the prevalence of diabetes.

Age influences DNA methylation and gene expression of COX7A1 in human skeletal muscle

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Reduced oxidative capacity of the mitochondria in skeletal muscle has been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, a set of genes influencing oxidative phosp

Age at introduction of new foods and advanced beta cell autoimmunity in young children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes

AbstractAims/hypothesis  Evidence for the role of infant feeding in the development of beta cell autoimmunity is inconsistent. We set out to study the effects of breastfeeding and of age at introduction of supplementary foods on the development

Age and gender related effects on adipose tissue compartments of subjects with increased risk for type 2 diabetes: a whole body MRI / MRS study

Abstract  Quantitative measurement of adipose tissue (AT) compartments in the entire body and of lipids in muscle and liver cells by means of MRI and MRS. Assessment of ageand gender related differences in AT compartments and determination of cr

African American women, body composition, and physical activity

Abstract  There is greater flexibility in relation to acceptable body sizes in the collective African American community. This could be a contributing factor to secondary illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. H1

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Abstract  Compartment syndrome is a pathophysiological term, comprising a variety of tissues and organ alterations, due to a higher than normal pressure in an anatomically detached space (compartment). In the human body, areas denoted as

Abdominal aortic invasion by leiomyosarcoma

Abstract  We describe a case of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma with extra- and intravascular involvement. The patient presented with abdominal aortic rupture secondary to tumor invasion and extensive tumor thrombus in the inferior vena c

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm—2003: What We Know, What We Don’t Know—A Review

ABC of behavior change: a guide to successful disease prevention and health promotion

No Abstract.  .

A. D. Scarfe, C.-S. Lee & P. J. O’Bryen (eds): Aquaculture Biosecurity: Prevention, Control and Eradication of Aquatic Animal Disease

A workholding optimization model for turning of ring-shaped parts

Abstract  The ability to produce precision ring-shaped parts using the turning process depends significantly on the workholding characteristics. Workholding parameters such as the number of jaws and chucking force are known to influence

A virus-based vaccine may prevent cervical cancer

Abstract  High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are now recognized as the etiologic agents of invasive cervical cancer, a major cancer in women. A single HPV type (type 16) is responsible for about 50% of the cancers. The major capsid

A very rare anatomic variation of the right ventricular branch: right ventricular descending branch from the anterior interventricular branch

Abstract  The anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery has the most constant distribution in the human heart and rarely gives off right ventricular branches. Here we report a case with a right ventricular branch which diverge

A variant selection model for predicting the transformation texture of deformed austenite

Abstract  The occurrence of variant selection during the transformation of deformed austenite is examined, together with its effect on the product texture. A new prediction method is proposed based on the morphology of the austenite grai

A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in older adults

A user authentication system using back-propagation network

Abstract  Information security has been a critical issue in the field of information systems. One of the key factors in the security of a computer system is how to identify the authorization of users. Password-based user authentication is widely

A Use of Modified Cyclodextrins as a Transporter for a Radiolabeled Tracer NMR Investigation

Abstract  Cyclodextrins (D. Duchêne (ed.): New Trends in Cyclodextrins and Derivatives (1991)) have long been shown to be capable of modifying the water solubility of a number of hydrophobic guests through the formation of inclusion comple

A two-year prospective study comparing lidocaine 2% jelly versus peribulbar anaesthesia for 25G and 23G sutureless vitrectomy

Abstract Purpose  To evaluate the efficacy of topical lidocaine 2% gel with or without peroral preoperative sedation as an alternative anaesthetic method in sutureless vitreoretinal surgery.

A two-hour window for hypothermic modulation of early events that impact delayed opening of the rat blood-brain barrier after ischemia

Abstract  Opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and consequent edema are known to intensify 24–72 h after ischemic stroke, and research on potential ameliorative therapies in animal models may lead to improved clinical treatments

A triple entente: Virus, neurons, and CD8+ T cells maintain HSV-1 latency

Abstract  Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) travels by retrograde transport to sensory ganglia where latency is established. Recurrent disease results from virus reactivation and anterograde transport to nerve termini. Prevention of re

A Tribute to Martin Bloom, Retiring Editor of The Journal of Primary Prevention

A triage strategy based on clinical risk factors for selecting elderly women for treatment or bone densitometry: the EPIDOS prospective study

Abstract  A triage strategy, based on a clinical hip fracture risk score, may be used to classify elderly women into three groups: one at high risk and requiring treatment, another needing further assessment by bone densitometry, and a third at

A transepiphyseal fracture of the proximal femur combined with a fracture of the mid-shaft of ipsilateral femur in a child: a case report and literature review

Abstract  The paper describes a rare fracture of proximal femur, classified by Delbet (Am J Surg 6:793–797, 1929) as type I (transepiphyseal type) combined with a fracture of the midshaft of ipsilateral femur in a 2-year-old child. Immedia

A traditional Chinese herbal antilithic formula, Wulingsan, effectively prevents the renal deposition of calcium oxalate crystal in ethylene glycol-fed rats

Abstract  We investigated the effects of a traditional Chinese herbal formula, Wulingsan (WLS), on renal stone prevention using an ethylene glycol-induced nephrocalcinosis rat model. Forty-one male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided i

A total wrist arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis: a case followed for 24 years

Abstract  We report a case of rheumatoid arthritis treated with a total wrist arthroplasty. A Meuli-type total wrist arthroplasty was performed on the left wrist in 1979. We have treated the patient's rheumatoid arthritis with disease-mo

A theoretical study of some new analogues of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin

Abstract  The enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I), which is essential for cell replication, transiently causes a DNA single strand break and makes a complex with it. The anti-cancer agent camptothecin (CPT) binds to the topo I–DNA complex and

A thematic comparison of suicide notes drawn from Northern Ireland and the United States

Abstract  Suicide is a global concern hence cross-cultural research ought to be central to national suicide prevention strategies. This study sought to investigate suicide notes drawn from Northern Ireland and the United States as these

A telephone-delivered coping improvement group intervention for middle-aged and older adults living with HIV/AIDS

Abstract   Background: By 2015, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicts that 50% of all cases of HIV/AIDS in the United States will be in persons 50 years of age or older.Purpose: This pilot research tested whethe

A technique to demonstrate external haemorrhoids

Abstract  Although uncommon in children, haemorrhoids are one of the causes of a protruding anal lesion and may be confused with rectal prolapse or prolapse of a rectal polyp. The lesions may not be obvious when the child is anaesthetised becaus

A Technique for Prevention of Port Complications after Laparoscopic Adjustable Silicone Gastric Banding

Background: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is a safe and effective treatment method for morbid obesity. Injection port dislocation, tube perforation and access port infection are generally classified among the minor complications, althoug

A Technical Refinement to Prevent Supratip Deformity in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: “The Trapezoid Peak”

Abstract Background  The relationship between appropriate caudal dorsum resection and supratip deformity or inadequate tip projection currently is clear. Correct quadrangular cartilage management seems to have a basic ro

A targeted approach to the identification of candidate genes determining susceptibility to Plasmodium gallinaceum in Aedes aegypti

A taper tension profile maker in a converting machine

Abstract  Winding is an integral operation in almost every web handling process, and a center-wound roll is one of the suitable and general schemes in a winding system. However, improper internal stresses within a center-wound roll can c

A tale of two cities: Price uniformity and price volatility in gasoline retailing

Abstract.  Retail gasoline markets have been found to exhibit either price volatility and price dispersion or price rigidity and uniformity across large metropolitan areas. The purpose of this paper is to identify a theoretical explanation for t

A systemic perspective on regional integration after the end of the Cold War

Abstract  This paper explains the systemic pressures on states in Europe and Southeast Asia to broaden their alliances after the end of the Cold War, and how expansion impacts on regional integration. Inter-state cooperation is still ver

A systemic antitumor immune response prevents outgrowth of lung tumors after i.v. rechallenge but is not able to prevent growth of experimental liver tumors

Abstract  Although a systemic antitumor immune response by antibodies or T cells is often detected in cancer patients, this response mostly does not result in tumor rejection. The beneficial effect of tumor vaccination on survival rates is limit

A Systematic Review of the Factors which Predict Return to Work for People Suffering Episodes of Poor Mental Health

Abstract   Introduction Poor mental health is responsible for a large percentage of long term work absence, and only 50% of those who are off work for 6 months or more return to work. Method We aimed to describe the factors

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Cesarean Section in the Preservation of Anal Continence

Purpose  Elective primary cesarean section is performed largely to avoid maternal pelvic trauma that may result in anal incontinence, although its efficacy in this regard has not been thoroughly assessed. We perform a s

A systematic review of randomized trials on the effectiveness of computer-tailored education on physical activity and dietary behaviors

Abstract   Background: Although computer-tailored promotion of dietary change and physical activity has been identified as a promising intervention strategy, there is a need for a more systematic evaluation of the evidence.Purpos

A Systematic Review of Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis in Cancer Patients: Implications for Improving Quality

Abstract Introduction  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis is particularly important for surgical oncologists given the high rate of DVT in patients with malignancy. Additionally, DVT prophylaxis may soon be impleme

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behavioral Interventions to Reduce HIV Risk Behaviors of Hispanics in the United States and Puerto Rico

Abstract  This systematic review examines the overall efficacy of HIV behavioral interventions designed to reduce HIV risk behaviors or incident sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among Hispanics residing in the United States or Puerto

A syringe prescription program to prevent infectious disease and improve health of injection drug users

Abstract  Injection drug users (IDUs) are at increased risk for many health problems, including acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C. These risks are compounded by barriers in obtaining legal, sterile s

A Survey of Prevention Science Training: Implications for Educating the Next Generation

Abstract  Several reviews of the emerging, transdisciplinary field of prevention science have identified the need for improved and expanded training of researchers as one of the central issues facing the field. A starting place for such an endea

A survey of peritonitis and exit-site and/or tunnel infections in Japanese children on PD

Abstract  To obtain data on peritonitis and exit-site and/or tunnel infections (ESI/TI) in Japanese children undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) from January 1999 through June 2003, we surveyed 22 members of the Japanese Study Group of Pediatric

A survey of National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers’ oral health supportive care practices and resources in the USA

Abstract Background  The oral complications and morbidity resulting from overall cancer therapy utilizing radiation, chemotherapy, and/or stem cell transplantation can have significant impact on a patient’s health,

A survey of Japanese patients with Menkes disease from 1990 to 2003: Incidence and early signs before typical symptomatic onset, pointing the way to earlier diagnosis

Summary  Menkes disease (MNK) is a lethal, X-linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism dominated by neurodegenerative symptoms and connective tissue disturbances. The incidence of MNK in Asia is not known. Most patients die by the a

A survey of genes differentially expressed during long-term heat-induced chilling tolerance in citrus fruit

Abstract  Long-term storage at low, non-freezing, temperature (1.5 °C) induces chilling injury in fruit of Fortune mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka × Citrus reticulata, Blanco), manifested as pitting and brown depressed

A surgical rat model of human Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Abstract  Obesity affects 30% of the United States population and its detrimental effects are obesity-related metabolic diseases. For patients refractory to conventional weight loss therapy, gastric bypass surgery is one of the proven me

A Suggested Classification Guide for PACS Client Applications: The Five Degrees of Thickness

This article defines and describes the numerous types of “clients” for picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). A radiologist uses a client to view images stored in the system. Many PACS are available in the market, and each

A Study on the Macrophage of Mice Treated with the Leukemia Vaccine

Abstract  The study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of macrophage of C57BL/6 mice treated with the prepared leukemia vaccine. Establish the leukemia burden mice and prepare three types of leukemia vaccine, before they are administered on the

Adipositas und Schwangerschaft

Zusammenfassung  Adipositas und überern?hrung sind inzwischen weltweit zu einem der bedeutendsten Gesundheitsprobleme geworden. Die Rate übergewichtiger Frauen im geb?rf?higen Alter nimmt stetig zu, ohne dass ein Ende dieses Trends in

Adipositas und Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen

Summary.   In the normal population, the prevalence of obesity is almost 20%. It is a condition influenced by genetic factors, so that individual behavior cannot be regarded as its sole cause. The amount of food is e

Adipositas und Gestationsdiabetes

Zusammenfassung  Weltweit ist eine Zunahme der Adipositas und der mit der Adipositas assoziierten Erkrankungen zu beobachten. Dazu parallel nimmt auch die Prävalenz des Gestationsdiabetes zu. Pathophysiologisch entscheidend dafür ist d

Adipositas und Fertilit?t

Zusammenfassung  Epidemiologische Erhebungen zeigen, dass die H?ufigkeit von übergewicht und Adipositas in den Industriel?ndern in den letzten Jahrzehnten in allen Bev?lkerungsschichten und Altersgruppen zugenommen und nach Auffassung d

Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Zusammenfassung  Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind in Deutschland zahlenmäßig bedeutende Gesundheitsstörungen, denen bis vor Kurzem keine ausreichende Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wurde. Seit den 1980er

A Study on the Influences of Processing Parameters on the Growth of Oxide Nanorod Arrays by Sol Electrophoretic Deposition

Abstract  Template-based sol electrophoretic deposition has been demonstrated as an attractive method for the synthesis of oxide nanorod arrays, including simple and complex oxides in the forms of amorphous, polycrystalline, and single c

A study on solutions for avoiding liquid segregation phenomena in thixoforming process: Part II. Net shape manufacturing of automotive scroll component

Abstract  The most important problem regarding the thixoforming process is the prevention of the liquid segregation phenomena during deformation. Since the liquid is of eutectic composition in materials, the liquid segregation will resul

A study of the oxidation behavior and the postannealing effect in a graded SiGe/Si heterostructure

Abstract  A study on the dry thermal oxidation of a graded SiGe layer was performed. To reduce the Ge pileup effect during the thermal oxidation, the SiGe layer was deposited with much lower Ge content near the free surface than near the

A study of the implementation process of an intervention to prevent work-related skin problems in wet-work occupations

Abstract   Objectives: The objective of the present implementation study is to document how an intervention to reduce work-related skin problems by means of implementing an evidence-based skin protection programme in six gut-clea

A study of mining-induced seismicity in Czech mines with longwall coal exploitation

Abstract  A review is performed for the data of local and regional seismographical networks installed in mines of the Ostrava-Karviná Coal Basin (Czech Republic), where underground anthracite mining is carried out and dynamic events occ

A study of low level selenium determination by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry in water soluble protein and peptide fractions

Abstract  Development of a method for very low level selenium determination in water soluble protein and peptide fractions, obtained after various separation procedures, is presented. A hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS

A study of excess mortality during influenza epidemics in the Czech Republic, 1982–2000

Abstract  Influenza related mortality rates have been established in many countries; nevertheless, studies focusing on the Central European population have been rare to date. We assess mortality attributable to influenza by comparing all cause m

A Study of Discrimination within the Medical Community as Viewed by Obese Patients

Background: Although prejudice may not be verbal in nature, the lack of response from professional and non-professional medical personnel regarding the obese patients' needs (medical equipment, comfortable surroundings, properly fitting attire, et

A structural motif in the C-terminal tail of slo 1 confers carbon monoxide sensitivity to human BKCa channels

Abstract  Carbon monoxide (CO) is a potent activator of large conductance, calcium-dependent potassium (BKCa) channels of vascular myocytes and carotid body glomus cells or when heterologously expressed. Using the human BKCa channel α1-subu

A strategy for the suppression of tumorigenesis induced by biomaterials: Restoration of transformed phenotype of polyetherurethane-induced tumor cells by Cx43 transfection

Abstract  Biomaterials such as polyetherurethans (PEUs) are the scaffolding, which is indispensable for the development of the bio-artificial organs. However, PEUs can induce tumors in subcutaneous implantation sites in rat. We have show

A Strategy for Atherosclerosis Image Segmentation by Using Robust Markers

Abstract  The watersheds method is a powerful segmentation tool developed in mathematical morphology, which has the drawback of producing over-segmentation. In this paper, in order to prevent its over-segmentation, we present a strategy

A Stochastic Model of Nonenzymatic Nucleic Acid Replication: “Elongators” Sequester Replicators

Abstract  The origin of nucleic acid template replication is a major unsolved problem in science. A novel stochastic model of nucleic acid chemistry was developed to allow rapid prototyping of chemical experiments designed to discover su

A Status Report from 1996–2004: Are More Effective Immunization Interventions Being used in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program?

Abstract   Background: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) enrolls almost 50% of the US birth cohort and these children have significantly lower immunization coverage rates than their

A standardised protocol for the acute management of corrosive ingestion in children

Abstract  Oesophageal strictures developing after caustic ingestion in children are a serious problem, and several protocols to prevent stricture formation have been proposed. A prospective clinical trial was conducted for preventing strictures

A spatial model of the development of pest resistance to a transgenic insecticidal crop: European corn borer on Bt maize

Abstract  A mathematical model was constructed to describe the evolution of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt) in an insect pest (European corn borer) population on a transgenic crop (Bt corn). The model comprises a set of

A solid-state NMR study of the interaction of fish antifreeze proteins with phospholipid membranes

Abstract  Fish antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins (AF(G)Ps) prevent ice crystal growth and are able to protect mammalian cells and tissues from hypothermic damage in the sub-zero Polar oceans. This protective mechanism is not fully un

A sol–gel preparation of silica coated zirconia microspheres as chromatographic support materials

Abstract  Four silica–zirconia composites were prepared using a sol–gel process and compared with zirconia, which was prepared under the same conditions but without the addition of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate. Spherical

A Social Network Profile and HIV Risk Among Men on Methadone: Do Social Networks Matter?

Abstract  The paper describes structural and HIV-related network characteristics and examines associations between these various social network domains and HIV risk behaviors among a sample of 356 men randomly selected from a methadone maintenan

A Social Discount Rate for Climate Damage to Future Generations Based on Regulatory Law

Abstract  This article examines the implications for the social discount rate for damage due to climate change if risk to future generations is handled in accordance with the laws regulating our handling of risk to contemporaries. The co

A Smoothing Method of Global Optimization that Preserves Global Minima

Abstract  A new smoothing method of global optimization is proposed in the present paper, which prevents shifting of global minima. In this method, smoothed functions are solutions of a heat diffusion equation with external heat source.

A small molecule antagonist of the αvβ3 integrin suppresses MDA-MB-435 skeletal metastasis

Abstract   Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women in the United States and Europe. Approximately three out of every four women with breast cancer develop metastases in bone which, in tu

A small and compact AMS facility for tritium depth profiling

Abstract  Depth profiling measurements of tritium in carbon samples have been performed during the past seven years at the AMS facility installed at the Rossendorf 3 MV Tandetron. The samples have been cut from the inner walls of the fus

A Single-chain Fragment Variable Recombinant Antibody against F5 Fimbria of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Inhibits Agglutination of Horse Red Blood Cells Induced by F5 Protein

Abstract  Bovine colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a worldwide problem. Adhesion of ETEC to intestinal cell receptors mediated by the surface protein F5 fimbriae is the initial step in the establishment

A Simulation Study of Expiratory Flow Limitation in Obstructive Patients during Mechanical Ventilation

Abstract  Although normal lungs may be represented satisfactorily by symmetrical architecture, pathological conditions generally require accounting for asymmetrical branching of the bronchial tree, since lung heterogeneity may be significant in

A Simulation Model at Trabecular Level to Predict Effects of Antiresorptive Treatment after Menopause

A simple way to mitigate alkali-silica reaction

Abstract  A possible practice to prevent disorders due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concretes containing reactive aggregates is the use of chemical admixtures (lithium salts) or, more commonly, mineral admixtures such as fly ash, s

A Simple Value-Distinction Approach Aids Transparency in Farm Animal Welfare Debate

Abstract  Public debate on acceptable farm animal husbandry suffers from a confusion of tongues. To clarify positions of various stakeholder groups in their joint search for acceptable solutions, the concept of animal welfare was split u

A Simple Technique to Prevent Graft Kinking During Tunneling of a Reversed Vein Femoropopliteal Bypass Graft

Abstract  Kinking of reversed vein grafts is a recognized cause of early graft failure following femoropopliteal bypass. The commonly employed technique of marking one side of the vein prior to tunneling does not prevent graft twisting a

A simple protocol for preventing falls and fractures in elderly individuals with musculoskeletal disease

Abstract Summary  Our protocol resulted in a significant prevention of falls and fractures in addition to marked improvements in the balance function. Intervention comprised a new balance exercise and quadriceps femoris

A simple method to vertically stabilize line-suspended, lightweight percussion coring equipment

Abstract  An inexpensive improvement to lightweight percussion coring systems is presented. Non-stretching lines are often required to facilitate core sampling in hundreds of metres of water, unfortunately such lines are usually negatively buoya

A simple method for determining the probability a new vertebral fracture is present in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Abstract  The vertebral fracture status of women with osteoporosis has strong prognostic implications that may influence clinical decisions. We developed a simple method for estimating the probability that a new vertebral fracture has oc

A simple and rapid strategy for the molecular cloning and monitoring of mouse HtrA2 serine protease

Abstract  A simple and rapid strategy for molecular cloning using a gel-free and antibiotic selection method is described which allows for the complete elimination of DNA extraction by gel electrophoresis, and thus has several advantages

A simple adjunct for safer change of PEG

Abstract  Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a procedure commonly performed in children who require long-term enteral nutritional support. Although simple, PEG insertion carries the risk of severe and potentially life-threateni

A Shot in the Dark: Failing to Recognize the Link Between Physical and Mental Illness

A 74-year-old widowed white man with chronic rheumatoid arthritis presented with nausea and weight loss. He was diagnosed with failure to thrive and admitted for hydration. Misoprostol was determined to be the etiology of his symptoms and he was

A shift from adaptive to innate immunity: a potential mechanism of disease progression in multiple sclerosis

Abstract   Multiple sclerosis is postulated to be a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterised by a relapsing-remitting stage followed by a secondary progressive phase. The relapsing remitting phase may invol

A setup for studying thermal characteristics of metals at high temperatures

Abstract  A setup for studying the radiation characteristics of metals based on calorimetry of metals exposed to electron heating under high-vacuum conditions has been developed. A new design of the cathode-anode unit ensures a uniform d

A Session Layer Concept for Overlay Networks

Abstract  Current day mobility solutions are characterized by a number of essential restrictions that prevent them from being successful in an overlay network environment. This paper proposes 4 properties that mobility solutions must hav

A serum-free Vero production platform for a chimeric virus vaccine candidate

Abstract  MedImmune Vaccines has engineered a live, attenuated chimeric virus that could prevent infections caused by parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), causative agents of acute respiratory diseases in infa

A Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Quantities of Indium in Soil

Abstract  A simple and very sensitive method determining microgram quantities of indium in soil has been developed. The spectrophotometric method (ɛ = 1.74 × 105 l mol-1 cm-1) based on the mixed complex In (

A semiautomated enzymatic method for determination of nonesterified fatty acid concentration in milk and plasma

Abstract  An enzymatic assay for the determination of non-esterified fatty acid concentrations in milk and plasma is described. The procedure is semiautomated for use with a plate luminometer or plate spectrophotometer and enables routin

A self-consistent model for defect states in a-Si and a-Si:H

Abstract  Concentrations of electrically active defects in a-Si are three orders of magnitude lower than the density of dangling bonds on internal void surfaces as estimated from the density deficiency of a-Si with respect to crystalline

A self-adaptive fluidic probe for electrical caries detection

Abstract  This paper presents a miniature fluidic probe that is capable of self-adapting its shape to teeth and cooperating with electrical devices to detect dental caries by sensing the variation in electrical- impedance. The fluidic pr

A selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, fails to improve blood rheology in endotoxin-shocked rabbits

Abstract  Effects of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, (E)-3-[4-(1-imidazolylmethyl)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid hydrochloride monohydrate (OKY-046), were studied hemorheologically in endotoxin shocked-rabbits. The animals were intraveno

A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test

Abstract Rationale and objective  This paper describes a new procedure for detecting effective antidepressant treatments. The procedure uses the swim-test susceptible (Susceptible) rat which has been selectively bred to

A selective androgen receptor modulator with minimal prostate hypertrophic activity enhances lean body mass in male rats and stimulates sexual behavior in female rats

Abstract  Androgen receptor (AR) ligands with tissue selectivity (selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs) have potential for treating muscle wasting, hypogonadism of aging, osteoporosis, female sexual dysfunction, and other ind

Adiponectin: Protection of the endothelium

Abstract  Low levels of adiponectin, a fat-derived hormone, are found in coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other insulin-resistant states. Conversely, high adiponectin levels are predictive of reduced coronary risk in

Adiponectin: An adipokine linking adipocytes and type 2 diabetes in humans

Abstract  Adipocyte-derived adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing and antiatherosclerotic hormone, and replenishment of adiponectin in animal models ameliorated insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. In humans, recent studies have demon

Adiponectin receptors gene expression and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic Mexican Americans with or without a family history of Type 2 diabetes

AbstractAims/hypothesis  The recent discovery of two adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the insulin-sensitising effect of adiponectin. The aim of this study was to de

Adiponectin receptor genes: mutation screening in syndromes of insulin resistance and association studies for type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits in UK populations

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Adiponectin is an adipokine with insulin-sensitising and anti-atherogenic properties. Several reports suggest that genetic variants in the adiponectin gene are associated with circulating levels

Adiponectin levels do not predict clinical onset of type 1 diabetes in antibody-positive relatives

Abstract Aims/Hypothesis  Insulin resistance has been proposed as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether adiponectin, an insulin sensitiser, can serve as an additional predictive marker for type 1 dia

Adiponectin induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo at a low glucose concentration

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  A decrease in plasma adiponectin levels has been shown to contribute to the development of diabetes. However, it remains uncertain whether adiponectin plays a role in the regulation of insulin s

Adiponectin counteracts cytokine- and fatty acid-induced apoptosis in the pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1

AbstractAims/hypothesis  Pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis is a common feature of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and leptin exerts an anti-apoptotic function in these cells. The beta-cell line INS-1 was used to test the hypothesis that the adipocyte ho

Adiponectin and leptin: Potential tools in the differential diagnosis of pediatric diabetes?

Abstract  The incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population has increased over the past decade. The practitioner is often faced with the challenge of differentiating between type 1 and type 2 diabetes at th

Adiponectin and human pregnancy

Abstract  Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived plasma protein that is involved in regulation of insulin resistance and glucose hemostasis. Human pregnancy is characterized by an increase in insulin resistance. Therefore, it is only n

Adiponectin and beta cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes: pathophysiological implications

AbstractAims/hypothesis  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) identifies a population of young women at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and thus provides an excellent model for studying early events in the natural history of this disease.

Adipokines: quelles nouvelles ?

Résumé  Le tissu adipeux (TA) est maintenant reconnu comme un organe produisant et sécrétant de très nombreux facteurs appelés adipokines. Au cours de l’obésité, l’augmentation de la masse adipeuse modifie la producti

Adipokines, inflammation, and the endothelium in diabetes

Abstract  Cytokines are biologically active low molecular weight proteins that possess several endocrine and metabolic functions and are known products of the immune system and inflammation. Several of these cytokines were shown to be in

Adipokines and vascular disease in diabetes

Abstract  Adipokines, in particular adiponectin, have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of obesity-related illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, because of their role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity as well as vascular endoth

Adipokines and the insulin resistance syndrome in familial partial lipodystrophy caused by a mutation in lamin A/C

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) and obesity are both associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although adipokines have been implicated, few data exist

Adipogenic action of vanadium: a new dimension in treating diabetes

Abstract  Vanadium is a well known anti-diabetic agent which mimics most of the actions of insulin on mature adipocytes. We report here the effect of vanadium on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Like insulin, va

Adipocytes release a soluble form of VAP-1/SSAO by a metalloprotease-dependent process and in a regulated manner

AbstractAims/hypothesis  Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), which is identical to semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), is a dual-function membrane protein with adhesion properties and amine oxidase activity. A soluble form of VAP-1 is

Adipocyte/macrophage fatty acid binding proteins in metabolic syndrome

Abstract  The link between inflammation and the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis has been uncovered in the past decade. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of these metabo

Adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and diabetic retinopathy in type?2 diabetes

Abstract  The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) were studied in the conjunctiva of diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. All patients underwent a complete ophtha

Adherence to clinical guidelines in the prevention of coronary heart disease in type II diabetes mellitus

Abstract   Objective The study aimed to assess adherence of prescribed medication in primary care to nationally recognised guideline criteria using case note review applying a previously developed medication assessment tool for c

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy: An update of current concepts

Abstract  The remarkable effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) in the treatment of HIV infection has placed a high premium on long-term adherence to therapy. Adherence levels to CART among HIV-infected individuals ar

Adenoviral overproduction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist increases beta cell replication and mass in syngeneically transplanted islets, and improves metabolic outcome

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN, also known as IL1RA) is a naturally occurring inhibitor of IL-1 action and its overproduction protects pancreatic islets from the deleterious effects of

Adeno-associated virus-mediated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene-1 expression enhanced differentiation of hepatic oval stem cells to insulin-producing cells in diabetic rats

Abstract  Inducing autologous liver cells to differentiate into endocrine β cell has been a potential strategy for the treatment of type 1diabetes. However it is still not known which sub-population cells in the liver was responsibl

Additive effects of glycaemia and blood pressure exposure on risk of complications in type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational study (UKPDS 75)

AbstractAims/hypothesis  The relative importance of glucose and blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes remains uncertain. We assessed interactive effects of glycaemia and systolic blood pressure (SBP) exposure on the risk of diabetic complica

Addition of vildagliptin to insulin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Type 2 diabetes is difficult to manage in patients with a long history of disease requiring insulin therapy. Moreover, addition of most currently available oral antidiabetic agents increases the

Adaptative Value of a PKC–PKI55 Feedback Loop of Inhibition That Prevents the Kinase’s Deregulation

Acute technical feasibility of an endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve in a porcine model: a potentially novel treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background  The concept of endoluminal therapy for various disease states has gained significant attention. This report describes the authors’ initial animal experience with a novel endoscopic duodenal-jej

A Secure Grid Medical Data Manager Interfaced to the gLite Middleware

Abstract  The medical community is producing and manipulating a tremendous volume of digital data for which computerized archiving, processing and analysis is needed. Grid infrastructures are promising for dealing with challenges arising

A secure distributed framework for achieving k-anonymity

Abstract   k-anonymity provides a measure of privacy protection by preventing re-identification of data to fewer than a group of k data items. While algorithms exist for producing k-anonymous data, the model has been that of a sin

A scoring system to predict chronic oxygen dependency

Abstract Introduction  Chronic oxygen dependency (COD) is a common adverse outcome of very premature birth. It is, therefore, important to develop an accurate and simple predictive test to facilitate targeting of interve

A scanning electron microscope study on the route of entry of clorsulon into the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica

Abstract  Three experiments were carried out in vitro to determine the roles of the tegument and gut of Fasciola hepatica in the uptake of the flukicidal drug, clorsulon. Changes to the two surfaces were assessed by scanning electron microscopy.

A scalable method for testing real-time systems

Abstract  Real-time systems (RTSs) are used in different domains such as telephone switching systems, air traffic control systems and patient monitoring systems. The behavior of RTSs is time-sensitive; that is, RTSs interact with their e

A Sausage Heuristic for Steiner Minimal Trees in Three-Dimensional Euclidean Space

Abstract  Given a set V of size N4 vertices in a metric space, how can one interconnect them with the possible use of a set S of size M vertices not in the set V, but in the same metric space, so that the cumulative cost of the inter-connections

A sardine oil-rich diet increases iron absorption but does not compensate the hypoferremia associated with inflammation

Abstract  Inflammatory disorders are associated with a decrease in iron absorption because of the blockade of iron in storage organs. Fish oils, rich in n−3 PUFA, are used to prevent and treat inflammatory disorders and increase ir

A Salt-Tolerant Yeast-Based Microbial Sensor for 24 Hour Community Wastewater Monitoring in Coastal Regions

Abstract.  A microbial sensor for rapid determination of the concentration of biodegradable pollutants in wastewater has been developed using the salt-tolerant yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 immobilized by gel entrapment with poly (carbamoyl) su

A Round-bottom 96-well Polystyrene Plate Coated with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine as an Effective Tool for Embryoid Body Formation

Abstract  In this study, we proposed a culture method for forming embryoid bodies (EBs) from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells using a round-bottom 96-well polystyrene plate coated with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC plate).

A role for mu opioid receptors in cocaine-induced activity, sensitization, and reward in the rat

Abstract Rational  Considerable evidence suggests that the endogenous opioid system plays a role in mediating the behavioral effects of psychostimulants. Opioidergic drugs have been shown to have profound effects on coca

A Robust Authentication Protocol with Non-Repudiation Service for Integrating WLAN and 3G Network

Abstract  The third-generation cellular systems provide great coverage, complete subscriber management and nearly universal roaming. Nevertheless, 3G systems suffer the high installation cost and low bandwidth. Though WLAN provides hot spot cove

A robust and reliable stress-induced self-assembly supporting mechanism for optical devices

Abstract  The stress-induced supporting mechanism consisting of stress-induced bending beams and novel locking component used to assemble the micromachined optical devices has been realized. The tip deflection of the stress-induced bending beams

A Risk-Based Predictive Tool to Prevent Accidental Introductions of Nonindigenous Marine Species

Abstract  Preventing the introduction of nonindigenous species (NIS) is the most efficient way to avoid the costs and impacts of biological invasions. The transport of fouling species on ship hulls is an important vector for the introduction of

A rice (Oryza sativa L.) MAP kinase gene, OsMAPK44, is involved in response to abiotic stresses

Abstract  We have isolated and characterized a putative rice MAPK gene (designated OsMAPK44) encoding for a protein of 593 amino acids that has the MAPK family signature and phosphorylation activation motif, TDY. Alignment of the predicted amino

A review: chemical ecology of Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)

Abstract  Chemical ecology of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) was reviewed. The outbreak of I. typographus in central Europe triggered extensive research on chemical ecology. Males initiate host location and produce semiochemicals

A Review of Resistance Patterns and Phenotypic Changes in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Following Imatinib Mesylate Therapy

Abstract  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are neoplastic lesions that arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are associated with somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor, KIT. The only known curative therapy is complete

A review of particle swarm optimization. Part II: hybridisation, combinatorial, multicriteria and constrained optimization, and indicative applications

Abstract  Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in its present form, has been in existence for roughly a decade, with formative research in related domains (such as social modelling, computer graphics, simulation and animation of natural sw

A review of particle swarm optimization. Part I: background and development

Abstract  Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in its present form, has been in existence for roughly a decade, with formative research in related domains (such as social modelling, computer graphics, simulation and animation of natural sw

A Review of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Bronchiectasis

Abstract  With the implementation of vaccination programs and the use of antibiotics, developed countries have seen a decline in infection-related pediatric bronchiectasis. However, significant morbidity from bronchiectasis is still seen

A review of hypotheses for the functions of avian duetting

Abstract  Avian duets are striking for the remarkable precision with which duetting partners sometimes coordinate their songs. Duetting species are taxonomically diverse, and the form of their duets varies. The reasons some birds duet when most

A review of current strategies for preventing CIN in at-risk patients

Abstract  Various strategies have been used for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients at risk. Concurrent use of nephrotoxic medications should be avoided for 24 to 48 h before administration of contrast agents

A review of aspirin resistance; definition, possible mechanisms, detection with platelet function tests, and its clinical outcomes

Abstract  Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is one of the main therapeutics in prevention of thrombo-embolic vascular events. Its efficiency is proved in the prevention of cardiovascular events. However, antiplatelet effect of aspirin is no

A Review of Approaches to Mobility Telemonitoring of the Elderly in Their Living Environment

Abstract  Rapid technological advances have prompted the development of a wide range of telemonitoring systems to enable the prevention, early diagnosis and management, of chronic conditions. Remote monitoring can reduce the amount of re

A review of anthropogenic sources of nitrogen and their effects on Canadian aquatic ecosystems

Abstract  Nitrogen releases to air and water are low in most of Canada, but in southern areas with rapid development there are telltale signs of the problems from releases to air and water that are described elsewhere in this volume. These inclu

Accelerated solvent extraction for quantitative measurement of fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes

Abstract  Consumption of fish rich in n-3 highly unsaturated FAs (i.e., EPA and DHA) has been suggested to decrease the risk of lifestyle-related diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and dementia. Blood eevels of th

Acarbose for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: facts and interpretations concerning the critical analysis of the STOP-NIDDM Trial data

Abstract  The STOP-NIDDM Trial has shown that acarbose treatment in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance is associated with a significant risk reduction in the development of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Kaiser an

Acarbose for prevention of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular events? A critical analysis of the STOP-NIDDM data

AbstractIntroduction  Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is a major and still unresolved threat to patients with reduced glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In epidemiological studies, in non-diabetic subjects, post-prandial glyc

Academic Achievement and the Self-Image of Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus Type-1 and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract  A total of 69 adolescents, 21 with diabetes mellitus type-1 (DM), 24 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 24 controls matched for sex, age, social background, and living environment, were compared by means of their school grades and the

Absorption of the biomimetic chromium cation triaqua-μ3-oxo-μ-hexapropionatotrichromium(III) in rats

Abstract  The cation [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ has been shown in vitro to mimic to the oligopeptide chromodulin’s ability to stimulate the tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptor and shown in healthy and type 2 diabetic model

A pseudofield model approach to simulate compartment-fire phenomena for marine fire safety design

Abstract  In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a

A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Study of the Safety of Seprafilm? Adhesion Barrier in Abdominopelvic Surgery of the Intestine

Abstract  INTRODUCTION: Seprafilm® adhesion barrier (Seprafilm®) has been proven to prevent adhesion formation after abdominal and pelvic surgery. This article reports safety results, including the postoperative incidence of abdominal an

A prospective, randomized controlled trial of the use of an anal purse-string suture to decrease contamination during pelvic reconstructive surgery

Abstract  The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of an anal purse-string suture to prevent contamination of the operative field during vaginal surgery. Patients undergoing vaginal surgery involving the posterior

A prospective, multicenter, open-label assessment of atomoxetine in non-North American children and adolescents with ADHD

Abstract. Objective:   The aim of this study was to study treatment response to atomoxetine in a large, multicenter study of non-North American patients with ADHD.

A prospective study into the demographics and treatment of paediatric facial lacerations

Abstract  To evaluate the demographics and treatment of facial lacerations occurring in a paediatric patient cohort. We undertook a prospective study of 106 children who sustained a soft tissue facial injury and who presented to an Accident and

A prospective randomized comparative study on the use of ventral subcutaneous flap to prevent fistulas in the Snodgrass repair for distal hypospadias

Abstract  We evaluated the importance of urethral coverage using vascularized subcutaneous ventral flaps for the prevention of fistulas in patients undergoing distal hypospadias repair. Our prospective study included 130 patients, aged 9

A prospective randomised evaluation of G-CSF or G-CSF plus oral antibiotics in chemotherapy-treated patients at high risk of developing febrile neutropenia

AbstractBackground  Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major dose-limiting complication among patients treated with chemotherapy. Haematopoietic colony stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF) made possible a significant improvement in the managem

A Prospective Evaluation of Intracorporeal Laparoscopic Small Bowel Anastomosis during Gastric Bypass

Background: We evaluated the safety and feasibility of performing a laparoscopic intracorporeal end-toside small bowel anastomosis using a stapling technique as part of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation (RYGBP). Methods: 80 consecutive patients

A prospective epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of onychomycosis and dermatophytosis in male boarding school residents

Abstract  Dermatophyte infections and onychomycosis are not usually serious in term of mortality; however, they may have significant clinical consequences such as secondary bacterial infections, chronicity, therapeutic difficulties and esthetic

A prospective comparison of local and spinal anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair

Abstract Aim  Today, in inguinal hernia repair, postoperative pain and costs are regarded as equally important issues as technique and recurrence rates. Postoperative pain is thought to vary according to the applied anes

A prospective clinical practice intervention to improve osteoporosis management following distal forearm fracture

Abstract  Secondary prevention of osteoporosis after fracture is underutilized, despite cost-effective therapies. This clinical practice intervention aimed to improve osteoporosis care of the postfracture patient. Residents of Olmsted County, Mi

A prospective analysis of staging laparoscopy in patients with primary and secondary hepatobiliary malignancies

Abstract  Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound are used widely in cancer staging and are perceived to prevent unnecessary open exploration in many patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of staging laparoscopy in imp

A proposed role for the Polycomb group protein dRING in meiotic sister-chromatid cohesion

Abstract  ORD protein is required for accurate chromosome segregation during male and female meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Null ord mutations result in random segregation of sister chromatids during both meiotic divisions because cohesion

A procedure for calculating the swelling of water level and protective means to prevent it from entering into the turbine flow path with the back flow of steam from direct-contact heaters

Abstract  A procedure is proposed for calculating the swelling of the level of water on the saturation line when an abrupt drop of pressure occurs. A calculated study of the swelling of water level is carried out for different designs of

A Primer on the Analytical Aspects of Silicones at Trace Levels-Challenges and Artifacts – A Review

Abstract  Silicones (polydimethylsiloxanes) find use in a wide variety of industrial and consumer product applications because of their outstanding properties. Potential human exposure to silicones occurs at the work place during manufacturing a

A primarily overlooked and incorrectly treated Essex-Lopresti injury: what can this lead to?

Abstract Introduction  What result can one expect in treating an Essex-Lopresti lesion—a rare complex combination injury of the forearm consisting of a radial head fracture and a rupture of the interosseous membran

A Preoperative Decolonization Protocol for Staphylococcus aureus Prevents Orthopaedic Infections

Abstract  Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an independent risk factor for orthopaedic surgical site infection (SSI). To determine whether a preoperative decolonization protocol reduces S. aureus SSIs, we conducted a prospective obser

A preliminary study on the teratogenesis of dexamethasone and the preventive effect of vitamin B12 on murine embryonic palatal shelf fusion in vitro

Abstract  Excessive dexamethasone (Dex) administrated into pregnant mice during critical periods of palatal development can produce a high incidence of cleft palate. Its mechanisms remain unknown. Vitamin B12 has been shown to antagonize

A practical guide to diagnose lesser-known immediate and delayed contrast media-induced adverse cutaneous reactions

Abstract  The terms “immediate” and “delayed” adverse reactions induced by contrast media (CM) refer to the reactions' onset but do not provide substantial information concerning the clinical manifestation, the po

A Power-Aware Branch Predictor by Accessing the BTB Selectively

Abstract  Microarchitects should consider power consumption, together with accuracy, when designing a branch predictor, especially in embedded processors. This paper proposes a power-aware branch predictor, which is based on the gshare p

A potential role for angiotensin II in obesity induced cardiac hypertrophy and ischaemic/reperfusion injury

AbstractBackground  The mechanisms for obesity induced myocardial remodelling and subsequent mechanical dysfunction are poorly understood. There is good evidence that angiotensin II and TNFα have strong growth promoting properties and are

A possible cause of multiple intramuscular masses: Mazabraud’s syndrome (2007: 11b)

Abstract  Mazabraud’s syndrome is the association of fibrous bone dysplasia and myxomas in soft tissues. We present a new case of this condition in a 52-year-old female patient who presented with pain in the epigastric region. As a

A portable surface plasmon resonance sensor system for real-time monitoring of small to large analytes

Abstract  Many environmental applications exist for biosensors capable of providing real-time analyses. One pressing current need is monitoring for agents of chemical- and bio-terrorism. These applications require systems that can rapidl

A population-based study of HIV testing practices and perceptions in 4 U.S. states

Abstract   OBJECTIVE: To evaluate testing practices and perceptions of HIV risk among a geographically diverse, population-based sample of sexually active adults who reported behaviors that could transmit HIV.

A plant oxylipin, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by targeting cyclin D1

Abstract  Cyclin D1 overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy in human breast cancer. Thus, the development of therapeutic agents that selectively target cyclin D1 activity is of clinical interest.

A Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Instillation for Preventing Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Abstract Purpose  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of local anesthetic instillation, to compare bupivacaine and ropivacaine in patients undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

A pitfall of transfix fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Abstract  While attempting femoral fixation during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using Bio-TransFix (Arthrex, Naples, FL), we experienced failure of complete insertion of a hamstring graft into the femoral tunnel. A pas

A pilot study on the safety of combining chrysin, a non-absorbable inducer of UGT1A1, and irinotecan (CPT-11) to treat metastatic colorectal cancer

Abstract   Purpose: Recently, it was shown that chrysin causes upregulation of UGT1A1 in Caco-2 intestinal cells. Therefore, we proposed that oral chrysin may reduce irinotecan (CPT-11) induced diarrhoea by shifting the SN-38G/SN

A pilot study of bone density loss in menopausal women treated with chemotherapy for cancer

AbstractGoals of work  To estimate the incidence and severity of bone loss in menopausal women diagnosed with cancer who receive treatment with chemotherapy. Also, to evaluate the use of bone loss prevention agents in this population.

A physician-based voluntary reporting system for adverse events and medical errors

Abstract   OBJECTIVE: To create a voluntary reporting method for identifying adverse events (AEs) and potential adverse events (PAEs) among medical inpatients. DESIGN: Medical house officers ask

A phase III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the efficacy of low level laser therapy for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation

Abstract Introduction  Oral mucositis (OM) is a significant early complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This phase III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was designed to compare the abil

A phase II trial of olanzapine, dexamethasone, and palonosetron for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Hoosier oncology group study

Abstract Objective  The purpose of this study is to determine the control of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) and highly eme

A phase II trial of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A Hoosier Oncology Group study

Abstract  In a previous phase I study, olanzapine was demonstrated to be a safe and effective agent for the prevention of delayed emesis in chemotherapy-naïve cancer patients receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and/or cisplatin. Using

A phase II trial of docetaxel (Taxotere?) as second-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer

Abstract  The efficacy and tolerability of docetaxel 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks as second-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer was investigated. In addition, the efficacy of a 3-day prophylaxis against cumul

A phase II study of flavopiridol in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: results of Southwest Oncology Group Trial 0109

AbstractPurpose  Flavopiridol is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that prevents cell cycle progression and tumor growth. In initial phase I studies, encouraging responses were seen in advanced renal cell cancer (RCC). In a phase II study of f

A Phase II Randomized Study of Topical Intrarectal Administration of Amifostine for the Prevention of Acute Radiation-Induced Rectal Toxicity

Purpose:   To investigate the cytoprotective effect of intrarectal amifostine administration on acute radiation-induced rectal toxicity.

A phase I study to assess the safety and activity of topical lovastatin (FP252S) for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Abstract Introduction  A phase I study was performed to establish the minimum effective dose safety of the topical 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor lovastatin (FP252S) in preventing chemothera

A phase I and pharmacologic study of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor CP-471,358 in patients with advanced solid tumors

AbstractBackground  Matrix metalloproteinases play a role in the process of tissue invasion and metastasis by degrading the extracellular matrix. Inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases are therefore of interest as anticancer drugs. CP-471,358 i

A Perspective on the Surgical Management of Congestive Heart Failure

Abstract  Surgical treatment of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) has steadily advanced from rescue procedures such as aneurysmectomy, rupture repair, ventricular assist devices (VADs), and transplantation to procedures that c

A PCR test to detect the cereal root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi

Abstract  The cereal root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi can cause serious cereal crop losses. The nematode is also found in agricultural fields where non-host crops are grown. Control of M. naasi can be based on preventing its spread, host res

A Patient Responding to Combined Therapy with Pirmenol and Midodrine for Refractory Neurally Mediated Syncope Complicated by Prostatic Hypertrophy

Abstract  A 67-year-old man with neurally mediated syncope (NMS) complicated by prostatic hypertrophy responded well to combined therapy with pirmenol and midodrine. In 2003, syncope occurred while the patient was driving a car. Results

A passage through in?vitro culture leads to efficient production of marker-free transgenic plants in Brassica juncea using the Cre– loxP system

Abstract  The Cre–loxP site-specific recombination system was deployed for removal of marker genes from Brassica juncea (Indian mustard). Excision frequencies, monitored by removal of nptII or gfp genes in F1 plants of crosses between LOX

A Participatory Study of School Dropout and Behavioral Health of Latino Adolescents

Abstract  The dropout of Latino adolescents from public schools has been linked to behavioral health issues such as delinquency and family conflict. Greater understanding is needed about the interplay of cultural, social, and development

A paper-transport mechanism using tapered rubber rollers to generate cross-directional tractive force

Abstract  A paper transport mechanism that generates tractive force in the cross direction perpendicular to the paper transport direction was developed. The mechanics of this mechanism were then investigated by using the finite element method (F

A nutraceutical based approach to reduce cholesterolaemia in patients previously intolerant of more than a statin: a pilot study

Abstract  This study was aimed at evaluating the tolerability of a nutraceutical combination with anticholesterolaemic action in patients intolerant of statin treatment. A total of 32 hypercholesterolaemic patients, all intolerant to at

A UML-based object-oriented approach for design and simulation of a drug delivery system

Abstract  Given complexity of the design and manufacturing processes of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) products, we present a unified modeling language (UML) based design approach for multi-domain products or systems like MEMS to d

A type 1 diabetes subgroup with a female bias is characterised by failure in tolerance to thyroid peroxidase at an early age and a strong association with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  HLA haplotypes DRB1*03_DQB1*02 and DRB1*04_DQB1*0302, and allelic variation of the T cell regulatory gene cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) and of the T cell activation gene protein tyrosine

A systematic review of interactive computer-assisted technology in diabetes care

Abstract   BACKGROUND: Excellent diabetes care and self-management depends heavily on the flow of timely, accurate information to patients and providers. Recent developments in information technology (IT) may, therefore, hold gre

A systematic review of interactive computer-assisted technology in diabetes care

Abstract   BACKGROUND: Excellent diabetes care and self-management depends heavily on the flow of timely, accurate information to patients and providers. Recent developments in information technology (IT) may, therefore, hold gre

A Surgical Option for Familial Chylomicronemia Associated with Insulin-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The goal of the present work is to present an effective surgical approach for the treatment of a medically-resisitant form of hyperlipidemia. Methods: Two siblings with familial lipoprotein-lipase deficiency and subsequent hyperchylomi

A study of the effect of oral glucoseloading on plasma oxidant:antioxidantbalance in normal subjects

Summary Background   Antioxidantdefence has been reported todecrease, and oxidative stress to increase,after oral glucose loading inboth normal and diabetic subjects.If confirmed in normal subjects,glucose–

A standard diabetic rat model for muscle flap studies

Abstract  There are numerous experimental studies using rats that investigate diabetic muscle flaps and vascular pathology. The aim of this study was to develop and present a standard diabetic rat model for muscle flap studies via examining the

A simple deep breathing test reveals altered cerebral autoregulation in type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of stroke and other cerebrovascular complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in d

A short form of the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth questionnaire: exploratory and confirmatory analysis in a sample of 2,077 young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  The aim of this study was to test the construct validity of the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth (DQOLY) questionnaire in a large representative sample of young people with type 1 diabetes mel

A Search for Association between the Polymorphic Markers of PON1 and PON2 Genes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract  Alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers of paraoxonase 1 and paraoxonase 2 genes (PON1 and PON2) encoding enzymes of the organism antioxidant defense were compared in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with or without diabetic neph

A Role for the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Regulating Microvascular Permeability in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract  Diabetic angiopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Endothelial dysfunction and associated alterations in blood flow, pressure and permeability are widely accepted phenomena in the diabetic mil

A review of the “mysterious” wasting disease in swedish moose ( Alces alces L.) related to molybdenosis and disturbances in copper metabolism

Abstract  The main purpose of this article is to review the previously published data on so-called “moose sickness” in the light of two case studies presented here. Molybdenosis and Mo-induced disturbances of Cu metabolism in

A review of diabetic gastropathy

Abstract  Diabetes mellitus affects various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is commonly affected, and symptoms related to the upper GI tract are frequently reported. Management of diabetic gastropathy involves d

A Retrospective Study on the Influence of Apolipoprotein E and Serum Lipids in Progressive Renal Failure

Abstract  Background: Progression of renal failure is associated with altered lipoprotein metabolism. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is an important genetic marker for dyslipidemia. The main purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the

A resistin gene polymorphism is associated with body mass index in women

Abstract  The potential association of resistin (RETN) gene variability with obesity-related phenotypes was investigated in 585 non-diabetic individuals of European descent. The polymorphism studied (–420 C>G) is located in the RE

A novel technique of coronary revascularization in porcelain aorta: Report of two cases

Abstract  Severe atherosclerosis of the distal ascending aorta increases the risk of intraoperative stroke during coronary artery bypass. More than one in situ arterial graft is required to avoid aortic manipulation during proximal anast

A novel technique in selective venous sampling in the localization of parathyroid tumours utilizing a micro-wire and standardized catheter

Abstract  Selective venous sampling (SVS) is a useful technique to localize a number of hormone-producing tumours, such as parathyroid tumours, when other imaging techniques are inconclusive. Typically, a 5 French selective single end-ho

A Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in XRCC4 Gene is Associated with Gastric Cancer Susceptibility in Taiwan

Abstract Background  The DNA repair gene XRCC4, an important caretaker of the overall genome stability, is thought to play a major role in the human carcinogenesis. We investigate some novel and important polymorphic var

A Novel Molecular Mechanism Involving Neuropilin-1 for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-induced Retinal Angiogenesis

Purpose  The Neuropilin (NRP) family is a novel receptor family that has been found to bind to a key molecule in angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vascular endothelial cells, NRP-1 functions as an isoform-specific recep

A Novel Method of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Assisted by Submucosal Injection of Autologous Blood (Blood Patch EMR)

Purpose  Endoscopic mucosal resection assisted by submucosal injection of saline is a widely used procedure; however, it has three limitations: 1) it often is difficult to maintain a desirable level of tissue elevation

A novel method of continuous measurement of head of bed elevation in ventilated patients

Abstract Objective  We developed a novel pressure transducer-based method of continuous measurement of head of bed elevation. Following validation of the method we hypothesized that head of bed angles would be at or

A novel method for culturing neural stem cells

Abstract  The standard culture method for neural stem cells cannot prevent the attachment of neurospheres, which eventually result in differentiation. This study developed a new method for long-term neural stem cell cultivation. In the a

A novel mechanism of mechanical stress-induced angiotensin II type 1–receptor activation without the involvement of angiotensin II

Abstract  The angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 (AT1) receptor is a seven transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptor, and the activation of AT1 receptor plays an important role in the development of load-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Locally g

A novel mechanism of action for statins against diabetes-induced oxidative stress

Abstract Aims/hypothesis  Atorvastatin exerts beneficial vascular effects in diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Rac-1 is involved in th

A novel magnetic device to prevent fecal incontinence (preliminary study)

Abstract Background and aims  In this research we propose an original magnetic device to strengthen the hypo-atonic anal sphincter and prevent fecal incontinence.

A novel isoform of prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR-4) that co-distributes with F-actin and prevents apoptosis in neural stem cells

Abstract  The elevated expression of prostate apoptosis response-4 (PAR-4) induces apoptosis in differentiating mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. In embryoid body (EB) cells and the E15.5 stage of embryonic mouse brain, PAR-4 is expressed

A Novel Inhibitor of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, ONO-1714, Does Not Ameliorate Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Abstract  A recent study showed that long-term administration of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor L-NIL reduced the development of pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of

A novel in vitro cultivation system to produce and isolate soluble factors released from hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Abstract  The Petri plate dual in vitro culture system for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is ill-suited for the production and isolation of extraradically released soluble factors, thereby preventing the further characterization of such comp

A novel hypothesis for the origin of the sexual division of labor in termites: which sex should be soldiers?

Abstract  Sexual specialization and skewed sex ratios of the altruistic castes, especially soldiers, are common in many termite taxa. However, no theoretical or empirical studies have explained the origin of the sexual division of labor in termi

A novel hydrogel crosslinked hyaluronan with glycol chitosan

Abstract  A novel hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking hyaluronan with glycol chitosan in aqueous solution using water soluble carbodiimide at nearly neutral pH and room temperature. The products can be easily formulated into injectable

A novel hepatitis C virus vaccine approach using recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin expressing multi-epitope antigen

Abstract  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. HCV infection is associated with high morbidity and has become a major problem in public health. Until now, there has been no effective prophylactic or therap

A novel genetic algorithm preventing premature convergence by chaos operator

Abstract  An improved genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed based on the analysis of population diversity within the framework of Markov chain. The chaos operator to combat premature convergence concerning two goals of maintaining diversity

A novel gastric lesion model induced in rats by partial gastric vascular ligation

Abstract  Previous studies have suggested that histamine treatment after gastric vascular ligation induces mucosal damage in the rat stomach. Although ligation of left gastric artery and vein (L-AV) alone did not cause any damage in the

A novel approach to detecting DDoS Attacks at an Early Stage

Abstract  Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks pose a serious threat to Internet security. Most current research focuses on detection and prevention methods on the victim server or source side. To date, there has been no work on

A novel approach for preventing esophageal stricture formation: sphingosylphosphorylcholine-enhanced tissue remodeling

Abstract  Using a new class of intracellular 2nd messengers to prevent stricture formation after caustic ingestion, sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) has a wide spectrum of activity in cell growth regulation and signal transduction. Caustic esop

A Novel Application-specific Instruction-set Processor Design Approach for Video Processing Acceleration

Abstract  Application-specific instruction-set processors (ASIPs) provide a good alternative for video processing acceleration, but the productivity gap implied by such a new technology may prevent leveraging it fully. Video processing S

A novel antioxidant agent, astragalosides, prevents shock wave-induced renal oxidative injury in rabbits

Abstract  Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)-induced renal damage can occur as a result of multiple mechanisms, including small vessel injury and free radical formation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Astragalus membranace

A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents shock wave-induced renal tubular oxidative stress

Abstract  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the novel free radical scavenger caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) induced renal impairment. The study was performed using 30 rabbit

A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat

Abstract  Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a flavonoid like compound, is one of the major components of honeybee propolis. It has been used in folk medicine for many years in Middle East countries. It was found to be a potent free radical sc

A novel algorithm of adaptive IIR lattice notch filter and performance analysis

Abstract  A novel adaptive algorithm of IIR lattice notch filter realized by all-pass filter is presented. The time-averaged estimation of cross correlation of the present instantaneous input signal and the past output signal is used to

A note on viscous conservation laws with complex characteristics

Abstract  There are several physical set-ups involving multi-phase fluids that result in highly unstable behavior already at rather low flow rates. Mathematical models of these flow problems consist typically of conservation laws like co

A note on risk aversion and herd behavior in financial markets

Abstract  We show that differences in market participants risk aversion can generate herd behavior in stock markets where assets are traded sequentially. This in turn prevents learning of market’s fundamentals. These results are ob

A Nonadiabatic Theory for Ultrafast Catalytic Electron Transfer: A Model for the Photosynthetic Reaction Center

Abstract  A non-adiabatic theory of Electron Transfer (ET), which improves the standard theory near the inversion point and becomes equivalent to it far from the inversion point, is presented. The complex amplitudes of the electronic wav

A newly developed tool for intra-tracheal temperature and humidity assessment in laryngectomized individuals: the Airway Climate Explorer (ACE)

Abstract  The aim of this study is to develop a postlaryngectomy airway climate explorer (ACE) for assessment of intratracheal temperature and humidity and of influence of heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs). Engineering goals were withi

A new, easy, fast, and safe method for CT-guided sacroplasty

Abstract  Sacral insufficiency fractures constitute clinical challenges because no effective surgical techniques can be applied and only a conservative treatment is currently performed. Sacroplasty is increasingly used to treat sacral insufficie

A New Version of Detached-eddy Simulation, Resistant to Ambiguous Grid Densities

Abstract  Detached-eddy simulation (DES) is well understood in thin boundary layers, with the turbulence model in its Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) mode and flattened grid cells, and in regions of massive separation, with the turb

A new versatile and robust mite trap for detection and monitoring of storage mites in the cereal and allied industries

Abstract  Storage mites are important primary pests but present methods for trapping them are either rudimentary or have several limitations. These prevent effective early detection or reliable monitoring of mites in the food, animal feed and as

A New Type of Digital Compensatory Millimeter Wave Radiometer

Abstract  System gain and receiver noise are two main impact factors of total power millimeter wave (MMW) radiometer output. In this paper, a new method of using software to compensate system gain and receiver noise fluctuation is introduced. Th

A new two-way nesting technique for ocean modeling based on the smoothed semi-prognostic method

Abstract  A new two-way nesting technique is presented for a multiple nested-grid ocean modeling system. The new technique uses the smoothed semi-prognostic (SSP) method to exchange information between the different subcomponents of the

A New Technique Applying Botulinum Toxin in Narrow and Wide Foreheads

Abstract  The use of botulinum toxin is becoming increasingly popular, and application details are being examined in an effort to achieve more satisfactory results with fewer side effects. In the forehead area, the main considerations ar

A new test for autonomic cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses in diabetes mellitus: evidence for early vagal dysfunction

AbstractAims/hypothesis  Diabetic autonomic neuropathy affects many physiological systems, producing a variety of important clinical manifestations. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly during times of stress. This is

A new model of insulin-deficient diabetes: male NOD mice with a single copy of Ins1 and no Ins2

AbstractAims/hypothesis  We describe a novel model of insulin-deficient diabetes with a single copy of the gene encoding insulin 1 (Ins1) and no gene encoding insulin 2 (Ins2).

A new method of screening for diabetic neuropathy using laser Doppler and photoplethysmography

Abstract  The purpose of this study is to suggest a simple, new method of screening for diabetic neuropathy. We measured blood volume changes by photoplethysmography (PPG) and blood perfusion by laser Doppler (LD) in the index fingers an

A new insulin-mimetic bis(allixinato)zinc(II) complex: structure–activity relationship of zinc(II) complexes

Abstract  During the investigation of the development of insulin-mimetic zinc(II) complexes with a blood glucose-lowering effect in experimental diabetic animals, we found a potent bis(maltolato)zinc(II) complex, Zn(ma)2, exhibiting significant

A model to estimate the lifetime health outcomes of patients with Type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Outcomes Model (UKPDS no. 68)

AbstractAims/hypothesis  The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model for Type 2 diabetes that can be used to estimate the likely occurrence of major diabetes-related complications over a lifetime, in order to calculate health economi

A new synthesis in epigenetics: towards a unified function of DNA methylation from invertebrates to vertebrates

Abstract.  DNA methylation is generally limited to CpG doublets located at the gene promoter with an involvement in gene silencing. Surprisingly, two recent papers showed an extensive methylation affecting coding portions of transcriptio

A new strategy for efficient in vivo screening of mutagenized Drosophila embryos

Abstract  The analysis of mutants is an indispensable approach towards characterizing gene function. Combining several tools of Drosophila genetics, we designed a new strategy for a mutagenesis screen which is fast, easy-to-apply, and cheap. The

A new shoulder orthosis for paralysis of the trapezius muscle after radical neck dissection: a preliminary report

Abstract  Despite recent advances using more conservative approaches, standard classical radical neck dissection is still one of the most frequently performed procedures in head and neck cancer patients who have advanced metastatic neck disease.

A new role for extracellular Ca2+ in gap-junction remodeling: studies in humans and rats

Abstract  We wanted to elucidate whether extracellular calcium may regulate the expression of the cardiac gap-junction proteins connexin 40 and connexin43. In the free wall of the left atria of 126 cardiac surgery patients with either si

A new Random Packet Access Protocol in WCDMA

Abstract  In this paper, a new Random Packet Access Protocol (RPAP) is proposed in WCDMA systems. The new proposed RPAP can efficiently prevent unnecessary interference by stopping a transmission if it is bound to be collided with others

A new model (DRARCH) for assessing groundwater vulnerability to arsenic contamination at basin scale: a case study in Taiyuan basin, northern China

Abstract  A modified DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability assessment (abbreviated as DRARCH model by combining the first letters of its six assessment indices) was proposed. It is essentially the specific application of DRASTIC mo

A new methodological approach to assess cardiac work by pressure–volume and stress–length relations in patients with aortic valve stenosis and dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract  In experimental animals, cardiac work is derived from pressure–volume area and analyzed further using stress–length relations. Lack of methods for determining accurately myocardial mass has until now prevented the u

A New Method to Guard Inpatient Medication Safety by the Implementation of RFID

Abstract  Since life is invaluable, the patient safety is always an important issue. How to reduce the malpractices and advance the patient safety is the primary goal of many countries. The current problem is that the hospitals cannot qu

A new method for preparing hydrophobic nano-copper powders

Abstract  A novel chemical process for producing hydrophobic nano-copper particles with satisfied anti-oxidation property is described here. The resultant particles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, size distribution analysis

A New Method for Correction of Inverted Nipple with Three Periductal Dermofibrous Flaps

A new mechanism of dominance in hypophosphatasia: the mutated protein can disturb the cell localization of the wild-type protein

Abstract  The dominant negative effect of mutations is rare in metabolic diseases and its mechanism has not been studied much. Hypophosphatasia, a bone inherited metabolic disorder, is a good model because the disease can be dominantly t

A new material for prevention of peritendinous fibrotic adhesions after tendon repair: oxidised regenerated cellulose (Interceed), an absorbable adhesion barrier

Abstract  In this experimental study, we aimed to examine the ability of absorbable oxidised regenerated cellulose (Interceed, TC-7, Johnson & Johnson, USA) to inhibit the formation of peritendinous fibrotic adhesions after tendon re

A New Laparoscopic Technique for Weight Reduction with Implanted Gastric Banding Basket

Abstract Background  Nowadays, obesity is frequently an indication for implantation of an adjustable stomach or gastric band. Among the side effects, in addition to band erosion and port chamber complications, pouch dila

A new fast type of M?ssbauer spectrometer for the rapid determination of iron-bearing minerals used in the paint industry

Abstract  A new miniaturised M?ssbauer spectrometer has been developed for laboratory and industrial application. Equipped with a YAIO3:Ce crystal fast scintillation detector unit and mini transducer for the energy modulation of gamma rays, the

A new distractor with angle-scale for proximal tibia medial opening wedge osteotomy

Abstract  Lateral tibial plateau fractures or lateral cortex fractures may occur when performing medial opening wedge osteotomy. Some special tools have been described to prevent lateral tibial plateau or lateral cortex fracture during t

A New Device for Vascular Embolization: Report on Case of Two Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas Embolization Using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug

Abstract  A pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare vascular malformation commonly treated by embolization with coils or balloons to prevent the risk of several serious complications such as cerebral embolism and brain abscess.

A New Definition of Genetic Counseling: National Society of Genetic Counselors’ Task Force Report

  The Genetic Counseling Definition Task Force of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) developed the following definition of genetic counseling that was approved by the NSGC Board of Directors:

A new concept of gentamicin loaded HAP/TCP bone substitute for prophylactic action: in vitro release validation

Abstract  Infections and their consequences are a considerable problem in orthopaedic surgery. Despite intravenous prophylactic antibiotic administration, infection rates can reach in some occasions more than 1%. Indeed, the concentratio

A New Artificial Chaperone for Protein Refolding: Sequential Use of Detergent and Alginate

Abstract  A novel artificial chaperone system using a combination of detergents and alginate was developed to refold three enzymes with totally different structures. Upon dilution of denatured protein in the presence of the capturing age

A new approach to blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: the role of capsule endoscopy and intra-operative enteroscopy

Abstract  Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare vascular malformation disorder with cutaneous and visceral lesions frequently associated with serious, even fatal bleeding and anemia. The syndrome is considered to be autosomal

A new approach of TPM construction based on J2810

Abstract  Trusted platform model (TPM) is special-purpose integrated circuits (ICs) built into a variety of platforms to enable strong user authentication and machine attestation—essential to prevent inappropriate access to confide

A new approach for the development and management of brackish karst springs

Abstract  A new approach to the method of artificial upraising of the water outlet point, for management and development of brackish karst springs, uses the MODKARST model. Brackish karst springs simulation can be used to estimate the necessary

A New Active Convex Hull Model for Image Regions

Abstract  This paper presents a new active convex hull model with the following advantages: invariant with respect to the number of pixels to be enveloped; the number of time iterations is invariant, with respect to the image size; time-

A new in vitro bioassay for cyst formation by renal cells from an autosomal dominant rat model of polycystic kidney disease

Summary  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most frequent human inherited diseases. The main feature of the disease is the development of renal cysts, first occurring in the proximal tubules, and with time

A neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist decreases adhesion reformation after laparoscopic lysis of adhesions in a rat model of adhesion formation

Abstract Background  Up to 94% of patients experience fibrous adhesions after abdominal surgery, and a significant number of these patients require a second operation for open or laparoscopic lysis of adhesions (LOA). Th

A Neuroendocrine-ImmuneInterface

Abstract.   Hypertension is an important determinant of heart failure.Ventricular systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction can eventuatein an activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS). Circulating RAA

A Neural Model for Context-dependent Sequence Learning

Abstract  A novel neural network model is described that implements context-dependent learning of complex sequences. The model utilises leaky integrate-and-fire neurons to extract timing information from its input and modifies its weight

A neonate with an intact congenital umbilical appendix: an alternative theory on the etiology of the appendico-umbilical fistula

Abstract  Neonatal umbilical anomalies usually represent remains of the vitelline duct or the allantois. We describe a case of an umbilical appendix in a neonate. The vermiform appendix was found to be positioned in the umbilical cord. In a brie

A Neo-Durkheimian analysis of a new religious movement: The case of Soka Gakkai in Italy

Abstract  Soka Gakkai is one of the world’s fastest-growing religious movements and Italy figures among the western nations where this religious group has been most successful. This article aims at explaining this success-story: wh

A national program for injury prevention in children and adolescents: The injury free coalition for kids

Abstract  Injury is the leading cause of death and a major source of preventable disability in children. Mechanisms of injury are rooted in a complex web of social, economic, environmental, criminal, and behavioral factors that necessita

A national framework for cancer surveillance in the United States

Abstract  Enhancements to cancer surveillance systems are needed for meeting increased demands for data and for developing effective program planning, evaluation, and research on cancer prevention and control. Representatives from the American C

A mutated p53 status did not prevent the induction of apoptosis by sulforaphane, a promising anti-cancer drug

Summary  We investigated apoptosis induction by sulforaphane on three cell lines characterized by a different p53 status. In particular, we used p53-knock-out fibroblasts from newborn mice transfected with the p53-Ser220 mutation, observed in Li

A multistate trial of pharmacy syringe purchase

Abstract  Pharmacies are a potential site for access to sterile syringes as a means for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but the type and extent of their utility is uncertain. To examine pharmacy syringe purchase, we conduc

A Multi-Outcome Evaluation of an Independent Living Program

ABSTRACT  This study evaluated an Independent Living (IL) program targeting foster youths in Florida. The IL group composed of 49 young adults, and the comparison group of 18 young adults was utilized. Data were collected via a mailed su

A Multilevel Analysis of State and Regional Disparities in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in the United States

Abstract  This study examines state- and regional disparities in obesity prevalence among 46,707 US children and adolescents aged 10–17 years before and after adjusting for individual socioeconomic and behavioral characteristi

A Multihealth Behavior Intervention Integrating Physical Activity and Substance Use Prevention for Adolescents

The primary purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a brief, multi-health behavior intervention integrating physical activity and alcohol use prevention messages for high school-aged adolescents. A total of 604 participants, 335 9th and

A multidisciplinary, multifactorial intervention program reduces postoperative falls and injuries after femoral neck fracture

Abstract Introduction  This study evaluates whether a postoperative multidisciplinary, intervention program, including systematic assessment and treatment of fall risk factors, active prevention, detection, and treatment

A multi-component exercise regimen to prevent functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women: randomized, controlled trial

Abstract Summary  This study showed that combination of strength, balance, agility and jumping training prevented functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women. The finding supports the idea that i

A Multi-Channel Continuous Water Toxicity Monitoring System: Its Evaluation and Application to Water Discharged from a Power Plant

Abstract  A multi-channel continuous water toxicity monitoring system was, after confirming the systems' performance, implemented to samples of water discharged from power plants to detect and classify their toxicity using several recomb

A multi-center phase II study of sequential paclitaxel and bryostatin-1 (NSC 339555) in patients with untreated, advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma

Summary  Purpose: Protein Kinase C (PKC), involved in transmembrane signaling of cell surface receptors, promotes carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Bryostatin-1 competes with PKC for phorbol esters (tumor promoters), thus inhibiting

A mortality survey of free range nutria ( Myocastor coypus )

Abstract  A review of the literature revealed little information on natural occurring diseases in wild nutria. In this report, a summary of necropsies performed on free-range animals from four different geographical areas, is presented.

A molecular understanding of ATP-dependent solute transport by multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP1

Abstract  Over a million new cases of cancers are diagnosed each year in the United States and over half of these patients die from these devastating diseases. Thus, cancers cause a major public health problem in the United States and wo

A Modular Tissue Engineering Construct Containing Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells

Abstract  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were seeded on sub-mm sized collagen cylinders containing embedded umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (UVSMC). These cylindrical “modules” are intended to be used as a

A Modified Metallic Coil Embolization Technique for Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations Using Coil Anchors and Occlusion Balloon Catheters

Abstract Purpose  To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a modified metallic coil embolization technique for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) using coil anchors and occlusion balloon catheters.

A modeling approach to swarming in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Abstract.  Identifying the mechanisms of colony reproduction is essential to understanding the sociobiology of honey bees. Although several proximate causes leading to the initiation of queen rearing – an essential prerequisite to

A Cluster of Hypoplastic Left Heart Malformation in Baltimore, Maryland

Abstract  Congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCVMs) of the left side of the heart show familial recurrence of various forms of obstructive malformations, including hypoplastic left heart (HLH), interrupted aortic arch, coarctation

A case-control study of patient, medication, and care-related risk factors for inpatient falls

Abstract   OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively analyze potential risk factors for falling in the hospital and describe the circumstances surrounding falls. DESIGN: Case-control study. Data on potentia

A case–control study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in breast cancer

Abstract Background  Patients with breast cancer sometimes present with increased liver enzymes during follow-up period that may be consistent with hepatic steatosis. This effect known as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseas

A Case of Pyonephrosis Secondary to Ureteral Stent Calculus

Abstract  Ureteric stents, a good solution to many urologic problems, can lead to significant morbidity if left in situ longer than required. Our case is that of an elderly male with a history of intractable hypertension presenting with urosepsi

A case of pheochromocytoma complicated with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic thyroiditis

Abstract  This is a case report regarding a 45-year-old woman, who has been undergoing treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM) with chronic thyroiditis (euthyroid state). The patient was admitted to our hospital for the evaluation of a righ

A model of sand transport in Treporti channel: northern Venice lagoon

Abstract  The origin of the sands in the Venice lagoon has been the subject of an extensive field survey in parallel with numerical modelling. Four transects along Treporti and Burano canals were conducted from which 33 bottom sediment samples w

A model of osteoporosis impact in Switzerland 2000–2020

Abstract  The aim of our study was to develop a modeling framework suitable to quantify the incidence, absolute number and economic impact of osteoporosis-attributable hip, vertebral and distal forearm fractures, with a particular focus on chang

A model of aging as accumulated damage matches observed mortality patterns and predicts the life-extending effects of prospective interventions

Abstract  The relative insensitivity of lifespan to environmental factors constitutes compelling evidence that the physiological decline associated with aging derives primarily from the accumulation of intrinsic molecular and cellular si

A model for within-group coalitionary aggression among males

Abstract  Perhaps the most common form of cooperation among primates is the formation of coalitions. Competition among males within a group concerns a constant quantity of the limiting resource (fertilizations). Contest competition over fertiliz

A model for the origin of large silicic magma chambers: precursors of caldera-forming eruptions

A model for ferrite/pearlite band formation and prevention in steels

Abstract  A model for predicting the conditions under which ferrite/pearlite band formation occurs, and therefore the conditions in which it can be avoided in steels, has been developed. The model requires as input the alloy composition

A Model for Detecting Balance Impairment and Estimating Falls Risk in the Elderly

Abstract  Traumatic falls are a prevalent and costly threat to elderly adults. Accurate risk assessment is necessary for reducing incidence of falls. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a balance impairment detection model